global.json overview - .NET CLI (2023)

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  • 8 minutes to read

This article applies to: ✔️ .NET Core 3.1 SDK and later versions

The global.json file allows you to define which .NET SDK version is used when you run .NET CLI commands. Selecting the .NET SDK version is independent from specifying the runtime version a project targets. The .NET SDK version indicates which version of the .NET CLI is used. This article explains how to select the SDK version by using global.json.

If you always want to use the latest SDK version that is installed on your machine, no global.json file is needed. In CI (continuous integration) scenarios, however, you typically want to specify an acceptable range for the SDK version that is used. The global.json file has a rollForward feature that provides flexible ways to specify an acceptable range of versions. For example, the following global.json file selects 6.0.300 or any later feature band or patch for 6.0 that is installed on the machine:

{ "sdk": { "version": "6.0.300", "rollForward": "latestFeature" }}

The .NET SDK looks for a global.json file in the current working directory (which isn't necessarily the same as the project directory) or one of its parent directories.

For information about specifying the runtime version instead of the SDK version, see Target frameworks.

global.json schema

sdk

Type: object

(Video) How to change the target dotnet SDK with global json configuration file

Specifies information about the .NET SDK to select.

version

  • Type: string

The version of the .NET SDK to use.

This field:

  • Doesn't have wildcard support; that is, you must specify the full version number.
  • Doesn't support version ranges.

allowPrerelease

  • Type: boolean
  • Available since: .NET Core 3.0 SDK.

Indicates whether the SDK resolver should consider prerelease versions when selecting the SDK version to use.

If you don't set this value explicitly, the default value depends on whether you're running from Visual Studio:

  • If you're not in Visual Studio, the default value is true.
  • If you are in Visual Studio, it uses the prerelease status requested. That is, if you're using a Preview version of Visual Studio or you set the Use previews of the .NET SDK option (under Tools > Options > Environment > Preview Features), the default value is true. Otherwise, the default value is false.

rollForward

  • Type: string
  • Available since: .NET Core 3.0 SDK.

The roll-forward policy to use when selecting an SDK version, either as a fallback when a specific SDK version is missing or as a directive to use a higher version. A version must be specified with a rollForward value, unless you're setting it to latestMajor.The default roll forward behavior is determined by the matching rules.

To understand the available policies and their behavior, consider the following definitions for an SDK version in the format x.y.znn:

  • x is the major version.
  • y is the minor version.
  • z is the feature band.
  • nn is the patch version.

The following table shows the possible values for the rollForward key:

(Video) Intro To The .NET CLI - How To Use It, Why We Need It, And More

ValueBehavior
patchUses the specified version.
If not found, rolls forward to the latest patch level.
If not found, fails.

This value is the legacy behavior from the earlier versions of the SDK.

featureUses the latest patch level for the specified major, minor, and feature band.
If not found, rolls forward to the next higher feature band within the same major/minor and uses the latest patch level for that feature band.
If not found, fails.
minorUses the latest patch level for the specified major, minor, and feature band.
If not found, rolls forward to the next higher feature band within the same major/minor version and uses the latest patch level for that feature band.
If not found, rolls forward to the next higher minor and feature band within the same major and uses the latest patch level for that feature band.
If not found, fails.
majorUses the latest patch level for the specified major, minor, and feature band.
If not found, rolls forward to the next higher feature band within the same major/minor version and uses the latest patch level for that feature band.
If not found, rolls forward to the next higher minor and feature band within the same major and uses the latest patch level for that feature band.
If not found, rolls forward to the next higher major, minor, and feature band and uses the latest patch level for that feature band.
If not found, fails.
latestPatchUses the latest installed patch level that matches the requested major, minor, and feature band with a patch level and that is greater or equal than the specified value.
If not found, fails.
latestFeatureUses the highest installed feature band and patch level that matches the requested major and minor with a feature band and patch level that is greater or equal than the specified value.
If not found, fails.
latestMinorUses the highest installed minor, feature band, and patch level that matches the requested major with a minor, feature band, and patch level that is greater or equal than the specified value.
If not found, fails.
latestMajorUses the highest installed .NET SDK with a version that is greater or equal than the specified value.
If not found, fail.
disableDoesn't roll forward. Exact match required.

msbuild-sdks

Type: object

Lets you control the project SDK version in one place rather than in each individual project. For more information, see How project SDKs are resolved.

Comments in appsettings.json

Comments in global.json files are supported using JavaScript or C# style comments. For example:

{ // This is a comment. "sdk": { "version": "7.0.100" /* This is comment 2*/ /* This is a multiline comment.*/ }}

Examples

The following example shows how to not use prerelease versions:

{ "sdk": { "allowPrerelease": false }}

The following example shows how to use the highest version installed that's greater or equal than the specified version. The JSON shown disallows any SDK version earlier than 2.2.200 and allows 2.2.200 or any later version, including 3.0.xxx and 3.1.xxx.

{ "sdk": { "version": "2.2.200", "rollForward": "latestMajor" }}

The following example shows how to use the exact specified version:

{ "sdk": { "version": "3.1.100", "rollForward": "disable" }}

The following example shows how to use the latest feature band and patch version installed of a specific major and minor version. The JSON shown disallows any SDK version earlier than 3.1.102 and allows 3.1.102 or any later 3.1.xxx version, such as 3.1.103 or 3.1.200.

{ "sdk": { "version": "3.1.102", "rollForward": "latestFeature" }}

The following example shows how to use the highest patch version installed of a specific version. The JSON shown disallows any SDK version earlier than 3.1.102 and allows 3.1.102 or any later 3.1.1xx version, such as 3.1.103 or 3.1.199.

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{ "sdk": { "version": "3.1.102", "rollForward": "latestPatch" }}

global.json and the .NET CLI

To set an SDK version in the global.json file, it's helpful to know which SDK versions are installed on your machine. For information on how to do that, see How to check that .NET is already installed.

To install additional .NET SDK versions on your machine, visit the Download .NET page.

You can create a new global.json file in the current directory by executing the dotnet new command, similar to the following example:

dotnet new globaljson --sdk-version 6.0.100

Matching rules

Note

The matching rules are governed by the dotnet.exe entry point, which is common across all installed .NET installed runtimes. The matching rules for the latest installed version of the .NET Runtime are used when you have multiple runtimes installed side-by-side or if or you're using a global.json file.

The following rules apply when determining which version of the SDK to use:

  • If no global.json file is found, or global.json doesn't specify an SDK version nor an allowPrerelease value, the highest installed SDK version is used (equivalent to setting rollForward to latestMajor). Whether prerelease SDK versions are considered depends on how dotnet is being invoked.

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    • If you're not in Visual Studio, prerelease versions are considered.
    • If you are in Visual Studio, it uses the prerelease status requested. That is, if you're using a Preview version of Visual Studio or you set the Use previews of the .NET SDK option (under Tools > Options > Environment > Preview Features), prerelease versions are considered; otherwise, only release versions are considered.
  • If a global.json file is found that doesn't specify an SDK version but it specifies an allowPrerelease value, the highest installed SDK version is used (equivalent to setting rollForward to latestMajor). Whether the latest SDK version can be release or prerelease depends on the value of allowPrerelease. true indicates prerelease versions are considered; false indicates that only release versions are considered.

  • If a global.json file is found and it specifies an SDK version:

    • If no rollForward value is set, it uses latestPatch as the default rollForward policy. Otherwise, check each value and their behavior in the rollForward section.
    • Whether prerelease versions are considered and what's the default behavior when allowPrerelease isn't set is described in the allowPrerelease section.

Troubleshoot build warnings

  • The following warnings indicate that your project was compiled using a prerelease version of the .NET SDK:

    You are working with a preview version of the .NET Core SDK. You can define the SDK version via a global.json file in the current project. More at https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=869452.

    You are using a preview version of .NET. See: https://aka.ms/dotnet-core-preview

    .NET SDK versions have a history and commitment of being high quality. However, if you don't want to use a prerelease version, check the different strategies you can use in the allowPrerelease section. For machines that have never had a .NET Core 3.0 or higher runtime or SDK installed, you need to create a global.json file and specify the exact version you want to use.

  • The following warning indicates that your project targets EF Core 1.0 or 1.1, which isn't compatible with .NET Core 2.1 SDK and later versions:

    Startup project '{startupProject}' targets framework '.NETCoreApp' version '{targetFrameworkVersion}'. This version of the Entity Framework Core .NET Command-line Tools only supports version 2.0 or higher. For information on using older versions of the tools, see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=871254.

    (Video) How to create your own .NET CLI tools to make your life easier

    Starting with .NET Core 2.1 SDK (version 2.1.300), the dotnet ef command comes included in the SDK. To compile your project, install .NET Core 2.0 SDK (version 2.1.201) or earlier on your machine and define the desired SDK version using the global.json file. For more information about the dotnet ef command, see EF Core .NET Command-line Tools.

See also

  • How project SDKs are resolved

FAQs

How do I find a global JSON file? ›

The . NET SDK looks for a global. json file in the current working directory (which isn't necessarily the same as the project directory) or one of its parent directories.

What is global json in .NET Core? ›

The global. json file allows you to define which . NET SDK version is used when you run . NET CLI commands.

How to use .NET Core CLI? ›

. NET Core Command-Line Interface
  1. Command Structure. The following is a command structure. ...
  2. Create a New Project. To create a new . ...
  3. Add Package Reference. We often need to add NuGet package reference for different purposes. ...
  4. Restore Packages. ...
  5. Build Project. ...
  6. Run project. ...
  7. Getting Help.

How to check dotnet core version in cmd? ›

You can see both the SDK versions and runtime versions with the command dotnet --info .

How do I view a GSC file? ›

Programs that open or reference GSC files
  1. Activision Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare.
  2. Activision Call of Duty: Black Ops.
  3. Notepad++
  4. Other text editor.

How do I view a UTC file? ›

Programs that open or reference UTX files
  1. Epic Games UnrealEd.
  2. Dragon UnPACKer.
  3. Unreal Tournament Package Tool.
Mar 7, 2012

What is .NET CLI command? ›

The . NET command-line interface (CLI) is a cross-platform toolchain for developing, building, running, and publishing . NET applications.

What is CLI in C#? ›

A platform-independent development system from Microsoft that enables programs written in different programming languages to run on different types of hardware.

How do I run CLI? ›

Executing CLI Commands
  1. On a map, select Execute CLI Commands from the right-click menu, or select Actions > Execute CLI Commands from the map toolbar.
  2. Select the target devices. By default, this action applies to the existing devices on the map. ...
  3. Enter the CLI command. ...
  4. Click Run.

How do I check .NET versions? ›

The version of .NET Framework (4.5 and later) installed on a machine is listed in the registry at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP\v4\Full. If the Full subkey is missing, then .NET Framework 4.5 or above isn't installed.

How do you check if .NET CLI is installed? ›

NET Core is installed on Windows is:
  1. Press Windows + R.
  2. Type cmd.
  3. On the command prompt, type dotnet --version.

Which .NET core version do I have? ›

Checking the version of your .

Open your project's source folder and in the address bar, type "cmd" and press Enter. It will open the Command Prompt with the project path. Execute the following command. It will display your project's current SDK version, i.e., 2.1.

Is global JSON required? ›

A final point to note on global. json is that it's not required - if no global. json is found, CLI commands use the latest SDK installed on the machine.

How many types of JSON are there in .NET Core? ›

Different configuration json files in ASP.net Core There are mainly 6 configuration JSON files in ASP.net Core.

What is difference between JSON & JSONPath? ›

JSONPath creates a uniform standard and syntax to define different parts of a JSON document. JSONPath defines expressions to traverse through a JSON document to reach to a subset of the JSON. This topic is best understood by seeing it in action. We have created a web page which can help you evaluate a JSONPath.

How do I download GSC? ›

You can download the GSC from the HCL Software page as follows:
  1. Login to the HCL Software Page.
  2. Go to 'Downloads' > 'Application Security'.
  3. Select the appropriate AppScan Standard version and you should see GSC setup file 'GSC_Setup.exe'
  4. Save the file on your system and install.

What is a GSC compiler? ›

The auto compiler gsc is nothing but a simple powershell script that allows you to compile a mod for Black ops II (Plutonium and Redacted). The script uses three directories: 'src': Folder where is contained the source code to compile. 'bin': Folder where the compiled script is placed.

What language are GSC files? ›

GSC, also known as "game script code", is Call of Duty's scripting language that is pretty much based off C++. The syntax is exactly the same, and the language is very limited. It is only ever used when a game/map is running.

What is a GMT file? ›

gmt) The GMT file format is a tab delimited file format that describes gene sets. In the GMT format, each row represents a gene set; in the GMX format, each column represents a gene set. The GMT file format is organized as follows: Each gene set is described by a name, a description, and the genes in the gene set.

What is UTC format? ›

Microsoft uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) format, an international standard 24-hour timekeeping system, to document the created dates and times of files that are included in a software update.

What are the basic CLI commands? ›

List of CLI commands
  • ls - List directory contents. ls -a - List all the content, including hidden files. ls -l - List the content and its information.
  • cd foldername – Change the working directory to foldername. cd - Return to $HOME directory. ...
  • cat file – Print contents of file on the screen. less file - View and paginate file.

What is the use of CLI command? ›

CLI is a command line program that accepts text input to execute operating system functions. In the 1960s, using only computer terminals, this was the only way to interact with computers. In the 1970s an 1980s, command line input was commonly used by Unix systems and PC systems like MS-DOS and Apple DOS.

Is CLI same as CMD? ›

Command Line Interface (CLI): Basic functionality is to take inputs from Keyboard and send it to an application or system and then display text-based output returned by the application - CLI requires Shell to run. Command Prompt: Same as Shell but developed by Microsoft(mostly used in Windows systems). thank you!

What are three different types of CLI? ›

Types of CLI commands include the following:
  • system commands that are encoded as part of the operating system interface;
  • executable programs that, when successfully invoked, run text-based or graphical applications; and.
  • batch programs (or batch files or shell scripts) which are text files listing a sequence of commands.

What is CLR vs CLI in C#? ›

CLR is the complete environment in which CLI ,CTS,CLS works in integration it also incluse garbage collection,memory management ,security,intemediate language for native code... CLI is a specification for the format of executable code, and the runtime environment that can execute that code.

What is the importance of CLI within .NET framework? ›

CLI is based on the Microsoft . NET concept that some high-level language programs require modifications due to system hardware and processing constraints. CLI compiles applications as Intermediate Language (IL), which is automatically compiled as native system code.

What are two 3 common methods to access the CLI? ›

Generally, you can access the CLI through a direct connection to the console port, or remotely using Telnet or SSH command.

How do I check my CLI? ›

To Check Angular CLI version use ng --version or ng v or npm list -global --depth 0 commands. ng --version command returns the details of version of Angular CLI installed and in addition to that version of Angular development packages like @angular-devkit/architect,rxjs etc.. as shown below.

How do I get to CLI? ›

Open the command-line interface
  1. Go to the Start menu or screen, and enter "Command Prompt" in the search field.
  2. Go to Start menu → Windows System → Command Prompt.
  3. Go to Start menu → All Programs → Accessories → Command Prompt.

How to get .NET version command line? ›

To check what version of .Net installed on the machine, follow steps below:
  1. Run command "regedit" from console to open Registry Editor.
  2. Look for HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP.
  3. All installed .NET Framework versions are listed under NDP drop-down list.

How to check .NET framework version using PowerShell command? ›

PowerShell Method
  1. Download the attached script Get-NetFrameworkVersion.ps1.
  2. Right click the script and select Run With PowerShell.
  3. The last output will be the version of Framework 4 installed:
  4. You are now aware of what version of . NET Framework is running on the Windows computer.
Oct 31, 2022

How do I list installed .NET versions in PowerShell? ›

Open Start. Search for PowerShell, right-click the top result, and select the Run as administrator option. Type the following command to check the version of . NET installed and press Enter: Get-ChildItem 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP' -Recurse | Get-ItemProperty -Name version -EA 0 | Where { $_.

How do I access .NET CLI in Visual Studio? ›

You can run the generated C# code projects with Visual Studio by pressing the F5 key or with dotnet run (. NET CLI).

Where is dotnet command-line? ›

C:\windows\system32>dotnet --help. . NET Core SDK (3.1. 101)

How to install dotnet from command-line? ›

Examples
  1. Install the latest long-term supported (LTS) version to the default location: Windows: PowerShell Copy. ...
  2. Install the latest preview version of the 6.0.1xx SDK to the specified location: Windows: PowerShell Copy. ...
  3. Install the 6.0.0 version of the shared runtime: Windows: PowerShell Copy.
Jan 7, 2023

Is .NET 6 and .NET Core 6 the same? ›

NET 6, though, is ASP.NET Core 6, a major upgrade of Microsoft's open source framework for building modern web applications. ASP.NET Core 6 is built on top of the . NET Core runtime and allows you to build and run applications on Windows, Linux, and macOS. ASP.NET Core 6 combines the features of Web API and MVC.

Is .NET 5 the same as .NET Core? ›

NET 5 is the next major release of . NET Core following 3.1. We named this new release .

Is .NET Core outdated? ›

The long-term-support (LTS) version 3.1 of Microsoft . NET Core Framework is slated to go out of support on December 13th, 2022. Microsoft recommends upgrading . NET Core 3.1 applications to .

How do I open a JSON file of income tax? ›

Pre-filled JSON can be downloaded after logging into the e-filing portal through: 'My Account -> 'Download Pre-Filled for AY 2022-23' and is imported to the utility for pre-filling the personal and the other opened information. Next Attach the pre-filled file of JSON via the system and Tap on “proceed”.

Where is JSON file stored? ›

A JSON string can be stored in its own file, which is basically just a text file with an extension of .json , and a MIME type of application/json .

Where are JSON files saved? ›

json files on the hard drive since the data interchange occurs between Internet-connected computers. However, some applications do enable users to save . json files. One example is Google+, which uses JSON files for saving Profile data.

What are JSON files on my phone? ›

What is a JSON file used for? This type of file provides a human-readable format for storing and manipulating data when developers build software. It was initially designed based on Javascript object notation but has since grown in popularity, so many different languages are compatible with JSON data.

How to read a JSON file? ›

JSON files are human-readable means the user can read them easily. These files can be opened in any simple text editor like Notepad, which is easy to use. Almost every programming language supports JSON format because they have libraries and functions to read/write JSON structures.

What is JSON in income tax site? ›

JSON is a file format used when downloading or importing your pre-filled return data into the offline utility, and is also used when generating your prepared ITR in the offline utility. Refer to section 4.4 File, Preview and Submit Income Tax Returns to learn the return filing process in the offline utility.

What is the password to view income tax PDF? ›

The password is a combination of the taxpayer's PAN number and Date of Birth (DoB). It is obtained by entering the PAN number in the lower case and the birth date in the 'DDMMYYYY' format without any space between the two.

How to read the JSON file in C#? ›

Text. Json . Let's see how it can help us read a JSON object from a file and transform it into a standard C# object.
...
How to read a JSON file in C#
  1. Analyze the JSON object.
  2. Define the corresponding C# model.
  3. Read the JSON file and create the C# object.

How do I know if data is in JSON format? ›

All json strings start with '{' or '[' and end with the corresponding '}' or ']', so just check for that.

How to get specific data from JSON? ›

Getting a specific property from a JSON response object

Instead, you select the exact property you want and pull that out through dot notation. The dot ( . ) after response (the name of the JSON payload, as defined arbitrarily in the jQuery AJAX function) is how you access the values you want from the JSON object.

How do I view JSON data in my browser? ›

Right click on JSON file, select open, navigate to program you want open with(notepad). Consecutive opens automatically use notepad.

What is JSON command? ›

the json command processes standard input and parses json objects. json currently handles a few different standard input formats and provides a number of options tailored toward inspecting and transforming the parsed json objects.

How do I find JSON settings? ›

You can open the settings.json file with the Preferences: Open Settings (JSON) command in the Command Palette (Ctrl+Shift+P).

What apps use JSON files? ›

Because Json Genie uses the default Android way of opening files, it can open a json file from all sources available on your Android phone (Dropbox, Drive, SD, ...). You can even copy/paste your custom json text or open a URL. Easily find the elements you want by using the easy to use filter option.

What is JSON viewer in Android? ›

JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation.It is an independent data exchange format and is the best alternative for XML. This chapter explains how to parse the JSON file and extract necessary information from it. Android provides four different classes to manipulate JSON data.

What apps read JSON? ›

How To Open A JSON File On Windows, Mac, Linux & Android
  • #1) File Viewer Plus.
  • #2) Altova XMLSpy.
  • #3) Microsoft Notepad.
  • #4) Microsoft WordPad.
  • #5) Notepad++
  • #6) Mozilla Firefox.
Jun 22, 2020

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